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Wikipedia
Intrinsic Value
is an ethical and philosophic property.
It is the ethical or philosophic value that an object has "in itself" or "for its own sake", as an intrinsic property.
An object with intrinsic value may be regarded as an end or (in Kantian terminology) end-in-itself.
It is contrasted with instrumental value (or extrinsic value), the value of which depends on how much it generates
intrinsic value.
For an eudaemonist, happiness (human flourishing) has intrinsic value, while having a family may not have intrinsic
value, yet be instrumental, since it generates happiness.
Intrinsic value is a term employed in axiology, the study of quality or value.
Axiology is the philosophical study of value.
It is either the collective term for ethics and aesthetics—philosophical fields that depend crucially on notions of
worth—or the foundation for these fields, and thus similar to value theory and meta-ethics.
The term was first used by Paul Lapie, in 1902, and Eduard von Hartmann, in 1908.
Axiology studies mainly two kinds of values: ethics and aesthetics.
Ethics investigates the concepts of "right" and "good" in individual and social conduct.
Aesthetics studies the concepts of "beauty" and "harmony."
Formal axiology, the attempt to lay out principles regarding value with mathematical rigor, is exemplified by Robert S.
Hartman's Science of Value.
Wikipedia
Creativity is a phenomenon whereby something new and somehow valuable is formed.
The created item may be intangible (such as an idea, a scientific theory, a musical composition or a joke)
or a physical object (such as an invention, a literary work or a painting).
Scholarly interest in creativity involves many definitions and concepts pertaining to a number of disciplines: psychology,
cognitive science, education, philosophy (particularly philosophy of science), technology, theology, sociology,
linguistics, business studies, songwriting, and economics, covering the relations between creativity and general
intelligence, mental and neurological processes, personality type and creative ability, creativity and mental health;
the potential for fostering creativity through education and training, especially as augmented by technology; and the
application of creative resources to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning.
The Relationship Between Spirituality and Artistic Expression: Cultivating the Capacity for Imagining
By Christine Valters Paintner, Ph.D.
The heart of human identity is the capacity and desire for birthing. To be is to become
creative and bring forth the beautiful. John O’Donohue
In this article I explore the relationship between spirituality, creativity, and the arts, and
show that cultivating the arts as a spiritual practice is a path to freeing our imaginations
and developing valuable skills for vital living in the world.
Aesthetics
Wikipedia
Aesthetics, or the philosophy of art, is the study of beauty and taste.
It is about interpreting works of art and art movements or theories.
The term aesthetic is also used to designate a particular style, for example the "chess aesthetics", or the "Japanese
aesthetic".
As well as being applied to art, aesthetics can also be applied to cultural objects.
Aesthetic design principles include ornamentation, edge delineation, texture, flow, solemnity, symmetry, color,
granularity, the interaction of sunlight and shadows, transcendence, and harmony.
The word aesthetic is also an adjective and adverb relating to cosmetology and medicine, as in aesthetic medicine.
Also spelt æsthetics and esthetics, the word is derived from the Ancient Greek (aisthetikos, meaning "esthetic, sensitive,
sentient, pertaining to sense perception"), which in turn was derived from (aisthanomai, meaning "I perceive, feel,
sense").
Artistic Expression
Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, auditory or performing artifacts – artworks,
expressing the author's imaginative or technical skill, intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power.
Wikipedia
Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, auditory or performing artifacts – artworks,
expressing the author's imaginative or technical skill, intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power.
In their most general form these activities include the production of works of art, the criticism of art, the study of the
history of art, and the aesthetic dissemination of art.
The oldest form of art are visual arts, which include creation of images or objects in fields including painting,
sculpture, printmaking, photography, and other visual media.
Architecture is often included as one of the visual arts; however, like the decorative arts, it involves the creation of
objects where the practical considerations of use are essential—in a way that they usually are not in a painting, for
example.
Music, theatre, film, dance, and other performing arts, as well as literature and other media such as interactive media,
are included in a broader definition of art or the arts.
Until the 17th century, art referred to any skill or mastery and was not differentiated from crafts or sciences.
In modern usage after the 17th century, where aesthetic considerations are paramount, the fine arts are separated and
distinguished from acquired skills in general, such as the decorative or applied arts.
Art may be characterized in terms of mimesis (its representation of reality), expression, communication of emotion, or
other qualities.
During the Romantic period, art came to be seen as "a special faculty of the human mind to be classified with religion and
science".
Though the definition of what constitutes art is disputed and has changed over time, general descriptions mention an idea
of imaginative or technical skill stemming from human agency and creation.
The nature of art, and related concepts such as creativity and interpretation, are explored in a branch of philosophy
known as aesthetics.
Wikipedia
Causality (also referred to as causation, or cause and effect) is the agency or efficacy that connects one
process (the cause) with another (the effect), where the first is understood to be partly responsible for the second,
and the second is dependent on the first.
In general, a process has many causes, which are said to be causal factors for it, and all lie in its past.
An effect can in turn be a cause of many other effects, which all lie in its future.
Causality is an abstraction that indicates how the world progresses, so basic a concept that it is more apt as
an explanation of other concepts of progression than as something to be explained by others more basic.
The concept is like those of agency and efficacy.
For this reason, a leap of intuition may be needed to grasp it.
Accordingly, causality is built into the conceptual structure of ordinary language.
In Aristotelian philosophy, the word 'cause' is also used to mean 'explanation' or 'answer to a why question',
including Aristotle's material, formal, efficient, and final "causes"; then the "cause" is the explanans for the
explanandum.
In this case, failure to recognize that different kinds of "cause" are being considered can lead to futile
debate.
Of Aristotle's four explanatory modes, the one nearest to the concerns of the present article is the
"efficient" one.
The topic remains a staple in contemporary philosophy.
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